A thin coat of mucus protects the nasal passages and the health of your voice. However, too much may cause you to clear your throat excessively, which irritates the vocal chords and leaves your voice sounding strained.
Fatty foods and caffeinated beverages, such as coffee, tea, and sodas, are dehydrating and are the major contributors of mucus. Avoid them on the days you are going to speak. This includes the days you will be making a lot of phone calls, giving a lecture, doing a recording session, or speaking in front of a group.
1. Forbidden foods for speakers:
a. Chocolate: candy, hot chocolate (caffeine in the cocoa dries vocal chords)
b. Mints: (menthol dries out the vocal chords)
c. Anything fried: French fries, chicken (high in fat)
d. Dairy products: milk, cream, cheese (causes more mucus)
e. Creamy foods: mayonnaise, cream cheese, butter (mucus forming)
f. Baked goods: pastries, cakes, and cookies (high in fat)
g. Coffee or latte drinks: caffeine combined with cream = deadly voice
h. Alcohol: never for obvious reasons
2. Recommend foods for speakers:
a. Salad with oil and vinegar dressing or lemon (no creamy salad dressing)
b. Turkey sandwich with mustard on whole wheat bread
c. Grilled chicken or fish with lemon only and steamed veggies (no sauces)
Your voice is your speaking tool - take good care of it.
Thursday, October 30, 2008
Sunday, October 26, 2008
History of Diwali
Ravana India is a land of festivals. Diwali, the Festival of Lights, is celebrated with fervor and gaiety. The festival is celebrated by young and old, rich and poor, throughout the country to dispel darkness and light up their lives. The festival symbolizes unity in diversity as every state celebrates it in its own special way.
The celebration of the four-day festival commences on Aswayuja Bahula Chaturdasi and concludes on Kartika Shudda Vijiya. The first day of the festival Naraka Chaturdasi marks the vanquishing of the demon Naraka by Lord Krishna and his wife Satyabhama.
'Puranas' have it that Naraka, son of Bhudevi, acquired immense power from a blessing given by Lord Brahma after a severe penance. He soon unleashed a reign of terror in the kingdom of Kamarupa, harassing celestial beings with his invincible might. Unable to bear the tyranny of the demon, the celestial beings pleaded with Lord Krishna to save them from his torture.
But Naraka could not be easily killed as he had a boon that he would face death only at the hands of his mother Bhudevi. So, Krishna asks his wife Satyabhama, the reincarnation of Bhudevi, to be his charioteer in the battle with Naraka.
When Krishna feigns unconsciousness after being hit by an arrow of Naraka, Satyabhama takes the bow and aims the arrow at Naraka, killing him instantly. Later Lord Krishna reminds her of the boon she had sought as Bhudevi. The slaying of Naraka by Sathyabhama could also be taken to interpret that parents should not hesitate to punish their children when they stray on to the wrong path. The message of Naraka Chaturdasi is that the good of the society should always prevail over one's own personal bonds.
The second day is Amavasya when Lakshmi puja is performed. It is believed that on this day Goddess Lakshmi would be in her benevolent mood and fulfill the wishes of her devotees. One version says that it was on this day that Goddess Lakshmi emerged from Kshira Sagara (Ocean of Milk) when the Gods and demons were churning the sagara (ocean) for nectar (Amrit)
The other version is that when Lord Vishnu in the guise of Vamana, sought three feet of land from the generous demon king Bali, the latter had to surrender his head as Vamana had conquered the earth and the sky in two strides. Lord Vishnu banishes Bali into the Pathala Loka (netherland) by keeping his third stride on Bali's head. Later, pleased by his generosity, Lord Vishnu grants him a boon and he in turn requests the Lord to guard his palace at Pathala Loka.
Meanwhile, the Goddess is unable to bear the separation and her grief affects the functioning of the entire universe. Brahma and Lord Shiva offer themselves as guards and plead with Bali to relieve Vishnu. So, on the Amavasya day, Lord Vishnu returns to his abode and Goddess Lakshmi is delighted. It is believed that those who worship Goddess Lakshmi on this day would be bestowed with all the riches.
The third day is "Kartika Shudda Padyami." On this day Bali would come out of Pathala Loka and rule Bhuloka as per the boon given by Lord Vishnu. Hence, it is also known as "Bali Padyami".
The fourth day is referred to as "Yama Dvitiya." On this day, sisters invite their brothers to their homes.
However, in the northern part of India it is celebrated as the return of Ram along with Sita and Lakshman from his 14 years of exile after killing Ravana. To commemorate his return to Ayodhya, his subjects illuminated the kingdom and burst crackers. For the Gujaratis, Marwaris and other business community Diwali marks the worship of Goddess Lakshmi and also the beginning of the new financial year.
For Bengalis, it is the time to worship Goddess Kali or Durga. The Goddess Durga continued her "Vilaya Tandava" even after killing demon Mahishasura.
The history of deepavali is very unic for me....by the way i wish all the people who celebrate deepavali 'happy deepavali'.
The celebration of the four-day festival commences on Aswayuja Bahula Chaturdasi and concludes on Kartika Shudda Vijiya. The first day of the festival Naraka Chaturdasi marks the vanquishing of the demon Naraka by Lord Krishna and his wife Satyabhama.
'Puranas' have it that Naraka, son of Bhudevi, acquired immense power from a blessing given by Lord Brahma after a severe penance. He soon unleashed a reign of terror in the kingdom of Kamarupa, harassing celestial beings with his invincible might. Unable to bear the tyranny of the demon, the celestial beings pleaded with Lord Krishna to save them from his torture.
But Naraka could not be easily killed as he had a boon that he would face death only at the hands of his mother Bhudevi. So, Krishna asks his wife Satyabhama, the reincarnation of Bhudevi, to be his charioteer in the battle with Naraka.
When Krishna feigns unconsciousness after being hit by an arrow of Naraka, Satyabhama takes the bow and aims the arrow at Naraka, killing him instantly. Later Lord Krishna reminds her of the boon she had sought as Bhudevi. The slaying of Naraka by Sathyabhama could also be taken to interpret that parents should not hesitate to punish their children when they stray on to the wrong path. The message of Naraka Chaturdasi is that the good of the society should always prevail over one's own personal bonds.
The second day is Amavasya when Lakshmi puja is performed. It is believed that on this day Goddess Lakshmi would be in her benevolent mood and fulfill the wishes of her devotees. One version says that it was on this day that Goddess Lakshmi emerged from Kshira Sagara (Ocean of Milk) when the Gods and demons were churning the sagara (ocean) for nectar (Amrit)
The other version is that when Lord Vishnu in the guise of Vamana, sought three feet of land from the generous demon king Bali, the latter had to surrender his head as Vamana had conquered the earth and the sky in two strides. Lord Vishnu banishes Bali into the Pathala Loka (netherland) by keeping his third stride on Bali's head. Later, pleased by his generosity, Lord Vishnu grants him a boon and he in turn requests the Lord to guard his palace at Pathala Loka.
Meanwhile, the Goddess is unable to bear the separation and her grief affects the functioning of the entire universe. Brahma and Lord Shiva offer themselves as guards and plead with Bali to relieve Vishnu. So, on the Amavasya day, Lord Vishnu returns to his abode and Goddess Lakshmi is delighted. It is believed that those who worship Goddess Lakshmi on this day would be bestowed with all the riches.
The third day is "Kartika Shudda Padyami." On this day Bali would come out of Pathala Loka and rule Bhuloka as per the boon given by Lord Vishnu. Hence, it is also known as "Bali Padyami".
The fourth day is referred to as "Yama Dvitiya." On this day, sisters invite their brothers to their homes.
However, in the northern part of India it is celebrated as the return of Ram along with Sita and Lakshman from his 14 years of exile after killing Ravana. To commemorate his return to Ayodhya, his subjects illuminated the kingdom and burst crackers. For the Gujaratis, Marwaris and other business community Diwali marks the worship of Goddess Lakshmi and also the beginning of the new financial year.
For Bengalis, it is the time to worship Goddess Kali or Durga. The Goddess Durga continued her "Vilaya Tandava" even after killing demon Mahishasura.
The history of deepavali is very unic for me....by the way i wish all the people who celebrate deepavali 'happy deepavali'.
Saturday, October 25, 2008
Nominal Group Technique
Nominal group technique was developed to involve all members in determining group goals. The technique is termed "nominal" because much of the work is done independently by group members. Though conducted in a group setting, a good deal of the discussion that is part of normal group meetings is avoided. Since members work individually and are not influenced by group discussion, a broad range of ideas may be suggested.
By involving all members in a highly structured exercise, the technique tends to reduce the influence of dominant individuals. No one is permitted to lobby for a particular position. Criticism of others ideas is prohibited. Thus a safe group climate is created in which all members feel free to express themselves.
Involvement of all members in the goal setting process acts to motivate the members to accomplish the selected goals. Because everyone had a hand in determining the goals, they are more likely to work toward accomplishing them.
The technique is not a magic solution that will solve all the problems of a struggling group. High power individuals may object to a technique that reduces their influence. If significant interests are not represented at the session, the validity of the results will be questionable. The technique does not use in-depth discussion of recommendations nor careful analysis of background information. It does involve all members in generating a large number of alternatives and then reducing them to a manageable number of priorities in a minimum period of time.
Steps:
1 . Break group down into groups of 6-1 0 to facilitate discussion and recording.
2 . Participants write on note cards all the ideas they can think of in response to the task question. The task question needs to be carefully worded to focus thinking on the proper issue. Members work individually and silently.
3. A recorder for each group writes down all the ideas on newsprint and numbers them. This is done in a round-robin fashion, taking one idea at a time from each member until all ideas are recorded. No lobbying or criticism!
4. The group examines its list to see if any ideas can be combined.
5. Individual members vote for the ideas they feel are most important by writing the numbers of the ideas on their cards. The number of ideas each selects should be based on the total number of ideas; choose three ideas from a total of up to 15, four from a total of 15-25, five for a total greater than 25.
6. Recorders tally the number of responses for each item.
7. Results from each small group are reported back to the whole group.
8. A second round of voting on the top priorities is done by the group as a whole.
9. The total number of ideas to be acted upon depends on the number of priorities the group feels it can pursue.
By involving all members in a highly structured exercise, the technique tends to reduce the influence of dominant individuals. No one is permitted to lobby for a particular position. Criticism of others ideas is prohibited. Thus a safe group climate is created in which all members feel free to express themselves.
Involvement of all members in the goal setting process acts to motivate the members to accomplish the selected goals. Because everyone had a hand in determining the goals, they are more likely to work toward accomplishing them.
The technique is not a magic solution that will solve all the problems of a struggling group. High power individuals may object to a technique that reduces their influence. If significant interests are not represented at the session, the validity of the results will be questionable. The technique does not use in-depth discussion of recommendations nor careful analysis of background information. It does involve all members in generating a large number of alternatives and then reducing them to a manageable number of priorities in a minimum period of time.
Steps:
1 . Break group down into groups of 6-1 0 to facilitate discussion and recording.
2 . Participants write on note cards all the ideas they can think of in response to the task question. The task question needs to be carefully worded to focus thinking on the proper issue. Members work individually and silently.
3. A recorder for each group writes down all the ideas on newsprint and numbers them. This is done in a round-robin fashion, taking one idea at a time from each member until all ideas are recorded. No lobbying or criticism!
4. The group examines its list to see if any ideas can be combined.
5. Individual members vote for the ideas they feel are most important by writing the numbers of the ideas on their cards. The number of ideas each selects should be based on the total number of ideas; choose three ideas from a total of up to 15, four from a total of 15-25, five for a total greater than 25.
6. Recorders tally the number of responses for each item.
7. Results from each small group are reported back to the whole group.
8. A second round of voting on the top priorities is done by the group as a whole.
9. The total number of ideas to be acted upon depends on the number of priorities the group feels it can pursue.
Thursday, October 23, 2008
Communication skills training
Various types and forms of the Group Communication Skills Training are used all over the world for those who are trying to improve their communication (Social, Interpersonal, Negotiating etc.) skills. Thousands of books and articles devoted to these topics are published every year. The training scheme based on the holistic Social Pedagogical Concept developed by the Prussian educational thinker Friedrich Diesterweg n the middle of the 19th century and on the Technology of Instruction Theory created by the Russian psychologist Piotr Galperin in the middle of the 20th century and developed by their followers is widely spread in Europe and used by Social Workers and Psychologists for children and for adults to improve their Communication Skills. The following article describes practical implementation of this schema.
The concept of transforming personal behavior from impulsive to reflexive level forms the basis of active social psychological education. It is accomplished through objectifying and assimilating to a wider spectrum of daily life models, patterns and communication. As soon as a person realizes the inconsistencies that his everyday impulsive social behavior has brought, he (she) becomes conducive to change learning new behavioral models, patterns, approaches, and ways. These models and patterns form the basis for new mental actions that ensure better communications in daily activities than previously for the student. After learning of these new models, patterns of social behavior, they are gradually assimilated and adapted into a person’s consciousness and transferred back to his unconsciousness impulsive level. Such transformations are accomplished under the direction and influence of the referent group and trainer.
The concept of transforming personal behavior from impulsive to reflexive level forms the basis of active social psychological education. It is accomplished through objectifying and assimilating to a wider spectrum of daily life models, patterns and communication. As soon as a person realizes the inconsistencies that his everyday impulsive social behavior has brought, he (she) becomes conducive to change learning new behavioral models, patterns, approaches, and ways. These models and patterns form the basis for new mental actions that ensure better communications in daily activities than previously for the student. After learning of these new models, patterns of social behavior, they are gradually assimilated and adapted into a person’s consciousness and transferred back to his unconsciousness impulsive level. Such transformations are accomplished under the direction and influence of the referent group and trainer.
Wednesday, October 22, 2008
Effective group communication
Three general categories have been identified as critical to successful group communication.
1. Commitment – members integrity and leadership qualities.
2. Communication – discussion, listening, and facilitation.
3. Organisation – setting ground rules for communication, decision making, meeting structure and record keeping.
Commitment
“A group isn’t so much about issues as it is about relationships.” Landcare groups can typically bring individuals together with adversarial views. Overcoming differences and working towards a common goal requires an inordinate commitment of time and effort on the part of all participants. A successful group demands integrity, honesty, openness and respect from all group members.
Member integrity is essentially a personal value, and is therefore difficult to define. However the following will help members evaluate their own and others’ performance. Traits of group members displaying integrity: Respectful of others
-Listens and learns
-Willing to expose own vulnerability and weakness
-Willing to set and follow rules
-Considers new ideas and approaches
-Has sincere concern for the issue(s)
-Commits time and resource to the group
-Sticks it out over the long haul
-Is a team player
In addition, many groups find it useful to develop ethical guidelines or rules to guide member interactions.
Sample guidelines as developed by groups:
-Express intentions and agendas honestly and openly.
-Respect the views and interest of the others.
-Do not make disparaging remarks about others, organisations or the meeting itself.
-Listen to others – especially those most opposed to you.
-Avoid side conversations.
-Selective distribution of material and side conversations are unacceptable.
-Group materials are open to anyone, whether or not they are group members.
-Be specific from the start about objectives – do not create false expectations.
-Be committed to the success of the program.
-Do what you say you will do.
-Express needs not positions.
-Encourage involvement in the group.
1. Commitment – members integrity and leadership qualities.
2. Communication – discussion, listening, and facilitation.
3. Organisation – setting ground rules for communication, decision making, meeting structure and record keeping.
Commitment
“A group isn’t so much about issues as it is about relationships.” Landcare groups can typically bring individuals together with adversarial views. Overcoming differences and working towards a common goal requires an inordinate commitment of time and effort on the part of all participants. A successful group demands integrity, honesty, openness and respect from all group members.
Member integrity is essentially a personal value, and is therefore difficult to define. However the following will help members evaluate their own and others’ performance. Traits of group members displaying integrity: Respectful of others
-Listens and learns
-Willing to expose own vulnerability and weakness
-Willing to set and follow rules
-Considers new ideas and approaches
-Has sincere concern for the issue(s)
-Commits time and resource to the group
-Sticks it out over the long haul
-Is a team player
In addition, many groups find it useful to develop ethical guidelines or rules to guide member interactions.
Sample guidelines as developed by groups:
-Express intentions and agendas honestly and openly.
-Respect the views and interest of the others.
-Do not make disparaging remarks about others, organisations or the meeting itself.
-Listen to others – especially those most opposed to you.
-Avoid side conversations.
-Selective distribution of material and side conversations are unacceptable.
-Group materials are open to anyone, whether or not they are group members.
-Be specific from the start about objectives – do not create false expectations.
-Be committed to the success of the program.
-Do what you say you will do.
-Express needs not positions.
-Encourage involvement in the group.
Saturday, October 18, 2008
Human-animal communication
Human-animal communication is easily observed in everyday life. The interactions between pets and their owners, for example, reflect a form of spoken, while not necessarily verbal, dialogue. For example, a dog being scolded does not need to understand every word of its admonishment, but is able to grasp the message by interpreting cues such as the owner's stance, tone of voice, and body language. This communication is two-way, as owners can learn to discern the subtle differences between barks and meows … one hardly has to be a professional animal trainer to tell the difference between the bark of an angry dog defending its home and the happy bark of the same animal while playing. Communication (often nonverbal) is also significant in equestrian activities such as dressage.
Wednesday, October 15, 2008
Dumb, but i agree with some of it!???
You are Blue Sheep type, who is gentle to others and have calm attitude and a quiet atmosphere around you.
You can make other people feel good, and yet at the same time you have a natural instinct to see people's insight.
You can turn things into your own pace as well.
You are a person of knowledge, and can provide wide range of information.
You are very quick on trends.
Unlike your outlooks, you have guts to fight.
You can build relationships based on each other's interests.
You have a will power to achieve your set objective by carefully planning your schedules.
Although you have bright brains and clear mind to analyze things, you tend to leave the decision on lapse of time.
Your weakness is you can be slow on decision making and putting into action.
You are good at competition and have great ambition.
Your success lies in cooperating with others and trying to be helpful to others.
You put priority in economics, and try to stable the household budget.
sry sir, but trying to read the human comm textbook can really bore you!=)... oh well, thank god we had a cool lecturer to make a boring interesting subject fun to learn!.. oh well anyways, this is wat i did wen i went online as a fren of mine sent this link to me!http://world.doubutsu-uranai.com/... and well i dono about the rest of youll who tried it or is gonna try this!... mine was partially true about how i tend to leave the decision on lapse of time and about how slow i am in decision making and putting it in action, the part tat i disagree the most would be the priority in economics. "I try to stale the house hold budget??!!!".... i try maybe yes, but i never succeed!=)... lol!... oh well!... im gonna get back to TRYING to read up my textbook!=)... wish the rest of youll luck too!=)... till next time!
You can make other people feel good, and yet at the same time you have a natural instinct to see people's insight.
You can turn things into your own pace as well.
You are a person of knowledge, and can provide wide range of information.
You are very quick on trends.
Unlike your outlooks, you have guts to fight.
You can build relationships based on each other's interests.
You have a will power to achieve your set objective by carefully planning your schedules.
Although you have bright brains and clear mind to analyze things, you tend to leave the decision on lapse of time.
Your weakness is you can be slow on decision making and putting into action.
You are good at competition and have great ambition.
Your success lies in cooperating with others and trying to be helpful to others.
You put priority in economics, and try to stable the household budget.
sry sir, but trying to read the human comm textbook can really bore you!=)... oh well, thank god we had a cool lecturer to make a boring interesting subject fun to learn!.. oh well anyways, this is wat i did wen i went online as a fren of mine sent this link to me!http://world.doubutsu-uranai.com/... and well i dono about the rest of youll who tried it or is gonna try this!... mine was partially true about how i tend to leave the decision on lapse of time and about how slow i am in decision making and putting it in action, the part tat i disagree the most would be the priority in economics. "I try to stale the house hold budget??!!!".... i try maybe yes, but i never succeed!=)... lol!... oh well!... im gonna get back to TRYING to read up my textbook!=)... wish the rest of youll luck too!=)... till next time!
chunking principle
Chunking is a principle that applies to the effective communication of information between human beings. It is particularly useful in the domain of written communication. It was first put forward in the 1950s by a Harvard psychologist named George A. Miller. He published a landmark journal article entitled "The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two". Miller studied the short term memory. For example, how many numbers people could be reliably expected to remember a few minutes after having been told these numbers only once. The answer was: "The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two".
Millers concept goes beyond numbers. For example, most of us can remember about seven recently learned chunks of similarly classified data.
Millers concept goes beyond numbers. For example, most of us can remember about seven recently learned chunks of similarly classified data.
Sunday, October 12, 2008
Decision making method......learning to hear your inner voice
Accessing your inner-voice is an innate ability. It’s something you may not do consciously, but you hear and use your inner-voice to make all kinds of decisions. It takes only a little bit of work to make this a conscious practice. Here’s some easy and effective ways to turn the volume up on your inner-voice.
Your inner-voice will speak to you in different ways. In order to communicate with the intuitive part of yourself, you must learn your body’s intuitive language. To do this, close your eyes, fill your mind with quiet and listen to yourself breathe deeply. Now think of something that means “YES” to you. It can be the feeling or image of a person or a place, something real or imagined, it doesn’t matter. The object is to hold in your mind a vivid and personal image of “YES”. Your body will respond to this ‘YES” by moving in a certain way. It’s different for everyone. You might notice your body swaying backwards or frontward or to one side. You may feel light or heavy, hot or cold. You will feel it, however subtle it may be. Clear your mind and recognize your body’s unique response to “YES”. Now think of “NO”. Conjure in your mind, an image of “NO”. What is your body’s response to “NO”? This is your body’s intuitive language.
This same process can be replicated using an ordinary chain necklace to determine the “YES” and “NO” response. It’s simple. Take a chain necklace and undo the clasp. Hold one end of the chain with your thumb and index finger. Hold the chain up so that the other end can move freely. Place the open palm of your other hand underneath the dangling end of the chain. The end of the chain should point to the center of your palm when still. Hold the chain with whichever hand feels right. Repeat the “YES/NO” process described above. Still your mind and then conjure up the image of “YES”. Remain still and watch the chain. It will move in one direction or the other, just as your body did. This is the very same method except that you are using an external tool to make your body’s intuitive response visible.
The key to these practices is to have no expectations. Just let your mind become clear of thought. Let thoughts pass through without grabbing your attention. It’s like clearing the air of noise and clutter so that your inner-voice can be heard. Often times, we react out of emotions that are not aligned with our higher wisdom. This usually creates a situation that is less than satisfactory. Using your inner-voice will help you make decisions with greater confidence because you will know that you are tapping your own best source of advice. You will develop this skill by focusing more attention in that direction. Let this desire to hear your inner-voice be a constant thought in the back of your mind. Using your inner-voice becomes natural with such practice.
It is simple to use your new found ability to hear your inner-voice. A great way to start is by shopping. Try this at the grocery store: Instead of automatically picking up some produce or a product and tossing it into the basket, hold it in your hands in front of your stomach and ask yourself if it’s a “YES” or a “NO”. You will probably experience an immediate response. This same process is equally effective for many different situations. It’s best to practice at first with little decisions. As your inner-voice becomes stronger to you, your confidence in using it will grow. Then you can use it to aid you in making tougher decisions such as whether to take a certain job or contract.
Your inner-voice is a source of unfailing guidance. Develop your natural ability to hear your own wisdom and you will make sound decisions with greater confidence.
Your inner-voice will speak to you in different ways. In order to communicate with the intuitive part of yourself, you must learn your body’s intuitive language. To do this, close your eyes, fill your mind with quiet and listen to yourself breathe deeply. Now think of something that means “YES” to you. It can be the feeling or image of a person or a place, something real or imagined, it doesn’t matter. The object is to hold in your mind a vivid and personal image of “YES”. Your body will respond to this ‘YES” by moving in a certain way. It’s different for everyone. You might notice your body swaying backwards or frontward or to one side. You may feel light or heavy, hot or cold. You will feel it, however subtle it may be. Clear your mind and recognize your body’s unique response to “YES”. Now think of “NO”. Conjure in your mind, an image of “NO”. What is your body’s response to “NO”? This is your body’s intuitive language.
This same process can be replicated using an ordinary chain necklace to determine the “YES” and “NO” response. It’s simple. Take a chain necklace and undo the clasp. Hold one end of the chain with your thumb and index finger. Hold the chain up so that the other end can move freely. Place the open palm of your other hand underneath the dangling end of the chain. The end of the chain should point to the center of your palm when still. Hold the chain with whichever hand feels right. Repeat the “YES/NO” process described above. Still your mind and then conjure up the image of “YES”. Remain still and watch the chain. It will move in one direction or the other, just as your body did. This is the very same method except that you are using an external tool to make your body’s intuitive response visible.
The key to these practices is to have no expectations. Just let your mind become clear of thought. Let thoughts pass through without grabbing your attention. It’s like clearing the air of noise and clutter so that your inner-voice can be heard. Often times, we react out of emotions that are not aligned with our higher wisdom. This usually creates a situation that is less than satisfactory. Using your inner-voice will help you make decisions with greater confidence because you will know that you are tapping your own best source of advice. You will develop this skill by focusing more attention in that direction. Let this desire to hear your inner-voice be a constant thought in the back of your mind. Using your inner-voice becomes natural with such practice.
It is simple to use your new found ability to hear your inner-voice. A great way to start is by shopping. Try this at the grocery store: Instead of automatically picking up some produce or a product and tossing it into the basket, hold it in your hands in front of your stomach and ask yourself if it’s a “YES” or a “NO”. You will probably experience an immediate response. This same process is equally effective for many different situations. It’s best to practice at first with little decisions. As your inner-voice becomes stronger to you, your confidence in using it will grow. Then you can use it to aid you in making tougher decisions such as whether to take a certain job or contract.
Your inner-voice is a source of unfailing guidance. Develop your natural ability to hear your own wisdom and you will make sound decisions with greater confidence.
Saturday, October 11, 2008
Types of Groups
- Additive Work Group: All group members perform the same activity and pool their results at the end. An example of this would be gathering signatures for a petition drive.
- Conjunctive Work Group: Group members perform different, but related, tasks that allow for the completion of a goal. Every group member must complete their task in order for the group task to be completed. An example of this would be an assembly line, in which each worker performs tasks that together build a completed car.
- Disjunctive Task: Members meet to determine the best alternative for a problem or issue. There are two types of disjunctive tasks
1)Judgment Task: Group members must choose one correct answer from all alternatives.
2)Decision-Making Task: Group members must choose the best alternative from a set of options. There is no one correct answer for a decision-making group.
- Conjunctive Work Group: Group members perform different, but related, tasks that allow for the completion of a goal. Every group member must complete their task in order for the group task to be completed. An example of this would be an assembly line, in which each worker performs tasks that together build a completed car.
- Disjunctive Task: Members meet to determine the best alternative for a problem or issue. There are two types of disjunctive tasks
1)Judgment Task: Group members must choose one correct answer from all alternatives.
2)Decision-Making Task: Group members must choose the best alternative from a set of options. There is no one correct answer for a decision-making group.
Andrei Chikatilo's career as the cannibalistic "Shelter Belt Killer" spanned 12 years and won him notoriety as the 20th century's most savage serial killer. Growing up in a small Ukranian village, Chikatilo often heard his mother describe how an older brother had been abducted and eaten during the 1930s famine. Other strong memories included nearly dying of hunger and seeing the bodies of children dismembered by the Nazis. Near-sighted and afflicted by a brain-based sexual dysfunction, Chikatilo came to believe he had been blinded and castrated at birth. However, he and his wife Feodosia had two children, whom he supported by becoming a teacher after completing his military service.
A harmless-looking family man, Chikatilo did not kill until he was 42. After attempting to rape nine-year-old Lena Zakotnova, Chikatilo stabbed the girl three times and threw her into a river. Police suspected convicted rapist Alexander Kravchenko, who confessed under pressure and was executed in 1983. After his first murder, Chikatilo lost his teaching job for molesting students. Allowed to resign, he began teaching at a mining school. Ridiculed by his students, who called him "Goose," he found a new position as a senior engineer at the Rostovnerud factory.
Chikatilo's travels to procure supplies often took him to the train station in nearby Rostov. There he met Larisa Tkachenko, with whom he attempted to have sex. When she mocked his inability to perform, he strangled her and then bit her, swallowing one of her nipples. He then covered the body with newspapers and left it in the woods.
Chikatilo's second murder contained all the elements of what became his ritual: attempted sex, humiliation, murder, mutilation and sexual cannibalism, followed by an improvised funeral. In the system he used to classify victims, this seventeen-year-old was an EM, someone with "easy morals." Other categories were homeless people, adolescents, and the mentally disabled. Nine months later, Chikatilo murdered a twelve-year-old girl. Later that year, he killed three youths within three weeks. As he bit off his first male victim's tongue, Chikatilo fantasized that he was interrogating one of the Nazis who invaded Russia during World War II.
In 1984, after fifteen murders, Chikatilo was arrested by the Rostov police. A knife and rope were found in his possession, but a mentally challenged boy had confessed to the "Shelter Belt killings" and Chikatilo's blood type did not match the semen in evidence. He was released. After a massive investigation, Chikatilo was arrested again in 1990. Confronted by a psychological profile prepared by Dr. Alexander Bukhanovsky, he confessed to 55 murders. Though Chikatilo claimed to be unable to control his actions, psychiatrists found him legally sane. Charged with 53 counts of murder and 5 counts of child molestation, he was tried in a cage to protect him from victims' relatives. Found guilty of all but one murder, Chikatilo was executed by a gunshot to the back of the head in 1994
Friday, October 10, 2008
Animal communication as entertainment
Though animal communication has always been a topic of public comment and attention, for a period in history it surpassed this and became sensational popular entertainment. From the late 1700s through the mid 19th century, a succession of pigs and various other animals were displayed to the public in for-profit performances, boasting the ability to communicate with their owners (often in more than one language), write, solve math problems, and the like. One poster dated 1817 shows a group of "Java sparrows" who are advertised as knowing seven languages, including Chinese and Russian. One pig of the era was so famous that it performed for royalty, and an obituary upon its death claimed that it made more money than any actor or actress of the same time; a fact that, whether strictly true, was at least believable to contemporary readers. By the late 1840s the fad had died down considerably. While the occasional appearance by a "learned" animal continued into the radio and television eras, it was by then generally understood that feats such as using cards to spell words, barking or tapping a hoof to solve equations, and the like were the products of training rather than actual communication. Though the tradition continues to this day on the "Stupid Pet Tricks" segment of Late Night with David Letterman, it seems likely that the era of trained pigs entertaining the crowned heads of Europe are over.
Wednesday, October 8, 2008
Great ape language
Research into non-human great ape language has involved teaching gorillas, chimpanzees, and orangutans to communicate with human beings and with each other using sign language, physical tokens, and lexigrams; see Yerkish. Primatologists argue that the primates' use of these tools indicates their ability to use "language", although this is not consistent with some definitions of that term.
Apes that demonstrate understanding
A production is a stream of lexemes with semantic content. A language is grammar and a set of lexemes. A sentence (or statement) is a stream of lexemes which obeys a grammar, with a beginning and an end. Non-human animals have been recorded to have produced behaviors which are consistent with meanings accorded to human sentence productions. (That is, some animals in the following species can be said to "understand" (receive), and some can "apply" (produce) consistent, appropriate, grammatical streams of communication.) David Premack and Jacques Vauclair have cited language research for the following animals:
-Common Chimpanzees
-Gorillas
-Orangutans
-Bonobos
Apes that demonstrate understanding
A production is a stream of lexemes with semantic content. A language is grammar and a set of lexemes. A sentence (or statement) is a stream of lexemes which obeys a grammar, with a beginning and an end. Non-human animals have been recorded to have produced behaviors which are consistent with meanings accorded to human sentence productions. (That is, some animals in the following species can be said to "understand" (receive), and some can "apply" (produce) consistent, appropriate, grammatical streams of communication.) David Premack and Jacques Vauclair have cited language research for the following animals:
-Common Chimpanzees
-Gorillas
-Orangutans
-Bonobos
Saturday, October 4, 2008
Business
yes!... i have ventured into a government sponsored business. i went for a talk 2 weeks ago and got convinced that the product and marketting concept is realistic. i liked it and now im an official KENSHIDO member!... getting into it was not easy for me as i didnt have enough money to start of. however, i spoke to my mom and she agreed to give me a soft loan!.... with that big sum of money i have taken from my mom i have taken a risk in joining this business. i was told that i am entering this business with no risk involved, i think differently as there is risk in anything you. this is going to a big lift in life for me, as i have never done any jobs before this. i have to dress formal when i enter office and meet with my seniors. in this business you are your boss and you are your worker. all i have to do is to communicate with ppl and mainly apply persuasive speaking due to marketing purposes. i really do hope that what i have learnt in human communication class will be used well in order to judge a person when i approach someone regarding wether this person is my friend or an outsider who is a potential customer. i also have to stress that this business will test the friendship bond between me and one of my closest friends as we ventured into this same busniess one after the other. its general for one to be different when he or she is doin business and when he or she is hanging out with friends and family. with this business me and my friend will show our true colours and hence this will really test our friendship. the beauty of this business is that if your upperline doesnt work you wount gain anything and if your downline doesnt move, you will not gain anything. we work as a team!... i really do hope this will be an experience for me and that i will learn a lot from it.
what u guys think about translation??
Translation is the interpreting of the meaning of a text and the subsequent production of an equivalent text, likewise called a "translation," that communicates the same message in another language. The text to be translated is called the "source text," and the language that it is to be translated into is called the "target language"; the final product is sometimes called the "target text."
Translation must take into account constraints that include context, the rules of grammar of the two languages, their writing conventions, and their idioms. A common misconception is that there exists a simple word-for-word correspondence between any two languages, and that translation is a straightforward mechanical process. A word-for-word translation, however, does not take into account context, grammar, conventions, and idioms.
Translation is fraught with the potential for "spilling over" of idioms and usages from one language into the other, since both languages coexist within the translator's mind. Such spilling-over easily produces linguistic hybrids such as "Franglais" (French-English), "Spanglish" (Spanish-English), "Poglish" (Polish-English) and "Portuñol" (Portuguese-Spanish).
On the other hand, inter-linguistic spillages have also served the useful purpose of importing cal ques and loanwords from a source language into a target language that had previously lacked a concept or a convenient expression for the concept. Translators and interpreters have thus played an important role in the evolution of cultures.
The art of translation is as old as written literature. Parts of the Sumerian Epic of Gilgamesh, among the oldest known literary works, have been found in translations into several Asiatic languages of the second millennium BCE. The Epic of Gilgamesh may have been read, in their own languages, by early authors of the Bible and of the Iliad.
With the advent of computers, attempts have been made to computerize or otherwise automate the translation of natural-language texts (machine translation) or to use computers as an aid to translation (computer-assisted translation).
Translation must take into account constraints that include context, the rules of grammar of the two languages, their writing conventions, and their idioms. A common misconception is that there exists a simple word-for-word correspondence between any two languages, and that translation is a straightforward mechanical process. A word-for-word translation, however, does not take into account context, grammar, conventions, and idioms.
Translation is fraught with the potential for "spilling over" of idioms and usages from one language into the other, since both languages coexist within the translator's mind. Such spilling-over easily produces linguistic hybrids such as "Franglais" (French-English), "Spanglish" (Spanish-English), "Poglish" (Polish-English) and "Portuñol" (Portuguese-Spanish).
On the other hand, inter-linguistic spillages have also served the useful purpose of importing cal ques and loanwords from a source language into a target language that had previously lacked a concept or a convenient expression for the concept. Translators and interpreters have thus played an important role in the evolution of cultures.
The art of translation is as old as written literature. Parts of the Sumerian Epic of Gilgamesh, among the oldest known literary works, have been found in translations into several Asiatic languages of the second millennium BCE. The Epic of Gilgamesh may have been read, in their own languages, by early authors of the Bible and of the Iliad.
With the advent of computers, attempts have been made to computerize or otherwise automate the translation of natural-language texts (machine translation) or to use computers as an aid to translation (computer-assisted translation).
Friday, October 3, 2008
Communication gap (Joke)
A judge was interviewing a woman regarding her pending divorce, and asked, "What are the grounds for your divorce?"
She replied, "About four acres and a nice little home in the middle of the property with a stream running by."
"No," he said, "I mean what is the foundation of this case?"
"It is made of concrete, brick and mortar," she responded.
"I mean," he continued, "What are your relations like?"
"I have an aunt and uncle living here in town, and so do my husband's parents."
He said, "Do you have a real grudge?"
"No," she replied, "We have a two-car carport and have never really needed one."
"Please," he tried again, "is there any infidelity in your marriage?"
"Yes, both my son and daughter have stereo sets. We don't necessarily like the music, but the answer to your questions is yes."
"Ma'am, does your husband ever beat you up?"
"Yes," she responded, "about twice a week he gets up earlier than I do."
Finally, in frustration, the judge asked, "Lady, why do you want a divorce?"
"Oh, I don't want a divorce," she replied. "I've never wanted a divorce. My husband does. He said he can't communicate with me."
She replied, "About four acres and a nice little home in the middle of the property with a stream running by."
"No," he said, "I mean what is the foundation of this case?"
"It is made of concrete, brick and mortar," she responded.
"I mean," he continued, "What are your relations like?"
"I have an aunt and uncle living here in town, and so do my husband's parents."
He said, "Do you have a real grudge?"
"No," she replied, "We have a two-car carport and have never really needed one."
"Please," he tried again, "is there any infidelity in your marriage?"
"Yes, both my son and daughter have stereo sets. We don't necessarily like the music, but the answer to your questions is yes."
"Ma'am, does your husband ever beat you up?"
"Yes," she responded, "about twice a week he gets up earlier than I do."
Finally, in frustration, the judge asked, "Lady, why do you want a divorce?"
"Oh, I don't want a divorce," she replied. "I've never wanted a divorce. My husband does. He said he can't communicate with me."
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